daniels



S. DANIELS.

VAPOR sToVB.

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N. FETKRS4 Phnlvmhographw. washing. D. C.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2. S. DANIELS.

(No Model.)

VAPOR STOVB.

No. 347,161. Patented Aug. 10, 1886` Nk- L?? JWM E@ (No Model.)

4 sheetssheet s. S. DNIELS.

VAPOR sToVB.

Patented Aug. 10, 1886l ffm/enfer Mor/wg (No Model.) 4 Sheets- Sheet 4.

S. DANIELS.

VAPoR sToVB.

No. 347,161. Patented Aug. 10, 1886.

SAMUEL, DANI-ELS, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONEIIALF TO MELVILLE E. DAYTON, OF SAME PLACE.

VAPO R-STOVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 347,161, dated August 10, 1886.

Application iiled September 7, 1&85. Serial No. 176,304. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, it may concern.- t At C C are vapor-burners of any approved Be it known that I, SAMUEL DANIELs, of description, said burners being in the present Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of instance each impliedly of the same generating Illinois, have invented certain new and useorder.

ful Improvements in VaporStoves; and I do D D are carbureted-air burners, or t-he 55 hereby declare that the following is a full, terminals of pipes arranged adjacent to the clear, and exact description thereof, reference burners C and communicating with the airbeing had to the accompanying drawings, and space of the hydrocarbon-liquid tank B by a to the letters of reference marked thereon, pipe or pipes, D', each of said burners D bexo which form a part of this specification.` ing to direct a stream of earbureted air against 6o This invention relates to means in vaporthe adjacent burner C-for the purpose of lieatstoves for forcing the liquid hydrocarbon to ing its generator. The hydrocarbon-liquid the vapor-generator or the vapor or earbnreted tank communicates with the burners by a pi pe, air derived from such liquid to the burner. (or pipes) C', which leads from the bottom orl More particularly, it relates to that class of near the bottom .of said tank, (as variously 65 vapor-stoves in which the hydrocarbon liquid shown,) and said tank is provided with a fillor its vapors are thus forced to the generator ing-hole and air-tight stopper, b. or burner by air-pressure. These are all familiar partsin stoves of this The primary object of the invention is to class; but the arrangement of the liquid-tank 2o provideameans forgiving thepressure, which, B is believed to be novel in Figs. l and 2. In 7o though it may be varied by the.operator,will, Fig. l the tank B is directly beneath the when adj usted or determined, be practically burners, and near them in the usual position uniform so long as it lasts. ofthe ordinary main supply-pipe, and is long To this and other ends that will further apenough to permit connection of the several pear the invention consists in the matters herevertical burner-pipes directly therewith. The 75 inafter described and claimed. tank B here takes the character of an enlarged A In the drawings, Figurel is a front elevation supply-pipe. In Fig. 2 it has the same elonof a three-burner 4domestic vapor-stove progated shape and horizontal position, but is vided with one form of air-pressure device in situated at the rear of the stove or behind the 3c accordance with my invention, certain parts customary horizontal main supply-pipe,which So being shown in vertical section. Fig. 2 is a is located directly below the burners. In both front elevation of a similar vaporestove pro-v these figures the elevation of the tank has a vided with another form of air-pressure decertain significant relation to the pressurevice in accordance with my i,nvention,certain giving devices, which will be hereinafter parts being shown in vertical section. Fig. 3 pointed out. f 85 is a cent-ral vertical section of an air-pressure Coming to the adjunctive device for prodevice essentially like that shown in'Fig. 2, ducing the air-pressure, which device forms but different in certain details of construction. l the principal nove-l or newly-added clement of Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the construction 'the structure herein claimed as my invention,

4o shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a front elevation I first `remark that it consists, essentially, ofa 9o of a vaporstovc provided with a form of aircontractible air-chamber in communication pressure devicein accordance with my invenwith the interior of the hydrocarbon-liquid tion, differing in certain particulars of contank, and a weight, or its equivalent, continlstruction from those forms shown in the preuously operating to contract said chamber ceding figures of the drawings. with a constant or practically constant force 95 The saine reference -letters are applied to throughout its range of motion when the stove corresponding parts in the various figures. is in operation. This device is designated as A A is one form of stove-frame having a a whole in all of the drawings by the letter It. top, A', and B is one form of tank or reservoir In Fig. 1 the contractible chamber It is confor the hydrocarbon liquid. stituted of an open-topped stationary cylinder, roo

E, and a smaller open-bottomed verticallyinovable cylinder, ll, inserted in the cylinder E. A weight, is applied to the cylinder ll, and a suitable quantity of water, 1e, in the cylinder I] furnishes an air-tight seal between the two loosely-tclescoping vessels E and E'. A pipe, F, open at its ends and properly connected gives communication between the interior ot' the liquid tank l and the air-space inclosed by the chamber lt. An air-inlet is provided in the cylindel' ll, (preferably at its top,) by which a new supply of air may be admitted to the chamber lt when exhausted, and a handle or other suitable contrivancc is also provided, by which to lift the cylinder E for the purpose of' refilling `it with air. In the present instance two forms of these minor devices are shown. In said Fig. l, (and also in Figs. 2, 3, and 4,) a nipple or pipe, G, having a passage, y, is applied to the vertically-movable top of the chamber It, to the upper cnd of which pipe is attached a head, H, having a hole, h, through it in continuation of' that in the pipe G. Fitted in this head and intersecting the hole l1r is a rotatable tapered plug, I, having also a hole, through it, which may be brought into or out of line with the hole h, all after the familiar manner of a plug-valved faucet. To the squared end or ends of' this plug is fastened a handle, l', arranged in the plane of the hole fi in the plug, so that when the handle is raised into a vertical position in lifting the cylinder F. (or other form of' the top of" the chamber It) the passage through the plug will be opened, and will f'reely adlnit the air. After being thus lifted to its limit of movement the handle I will be turned down into a substantiallyhorizontal position against ay suitable stop (fas pipe (l or the top of' the cylinder FX) and released, in which position the hole through the pl ug l will be out of line with the air-passage h, andthe latter will be closed. The chamber lt will then at once contract by the compression of' the air therein, and in the air-space of the tank Y, to an extent due to the gravity of' the weight IV, after which it will further contract only as the liquid is expelled from the tank E in the operation of the stove, unless other vent is made for the escape of the air.

In Fig. 2 and other remaining figures ofthe drawings the contractible chamber R is contrived to avoid the usc of water, 1r, employed in the construction shown in Fig. l. To this end it consists in what may be generically termed a bellows.7 Ot'this bellows, as shown in said Fig. 2, .T is a preferably rigid circular bottom piece or disk, which is stationary, and J is a dcsirably smaller disk, which has a vertical movement. K is a flexible air-tight tube, fastened properly at its ends to the disks J and J", and IY is the weight resting on the top plate or disk, J. F is the pipe connecting the interior ofthe bellows with the interior of the liquid-tank ll. The weight, as shown, has a central hole, u", for the accommodation of the pipe G, which, if' single, is of course preferably ceutrally inserted in the disk, or bellows-top Jt. In the expulsion of the air from the bellows by the descent of the weight \V, the flexible tube K folds downwardly within itself, as shown in dotted lines. To favor this form of' fold, it is preferable that the upper end of the tube K be smaller than the lower end, and that the upper edge be attached to the disk J' in the downwardly-turned position shown.

For the proper guidance ofthe weight V in its vertical movements various contrivances may obviously be employed; but for this purpose and for the protection of the tube K, I pref'er to employ an outer case, L, of sheet metal or other material, firmly seated colleentric with the bottom plate or disk, .T, and having a cap, L', with a hole in it to serve as a guide for the pipe G. This cap is also desirably placed at such a height as to serve further as a limit to the upward movement of' the bellowstop by striking the weight XV. The upper end of t he shell L is shown as heilig stead ied from the stoveframe by a brace, Z, attached to a ring, Z, surrouxnling the shell. The bellows and shell` are also shown as resting upon a bracket, R, fastened to the stoveframe at a little distance from the floor.

ln Figs. 5 and 4 a sheet-metal cylinder, L?, takes the place of the lower half of the tube K of Fig. 2, which is obviously practicable, because this part is always upright. The upper edge of the cylinder L2 is dcsirably rounded over inwardly, as seen at I, in order that the flexible part K may not be injured thereby in folding over it. In this construction the outer shell, L, may terminate at the top of the cylinder L2, and the lower end of tube K may be confined between the parts L and L, with or without the aid of cement, and a reliably airtightjoint thereby made at this point.

In Fig. 5 another form of' bellows, not requiring the use or aid of water, is shown, consisting of a collapsible tube, l, of' rubber or other flexible and air-tight material, fastened at its ends to suitable disks or plates, .I and J', and connected through its bottom plate with the tank B, as in the preceding drawings. rlhe flexible tube in this frame is shown as being laterally supported by inner and outer rings, K and K', which preserve its f'orm and insure its folding regularly upon itself', like the gussets of' an accordion. For the inlet of' air in this ease the fop is shown provided with a hole, j, over which is placed a flap-valve,j', closing upwardly` and the weight is shown as having a hole, w, through it coincident with the holej. The top plate, J', is provided with projections git', which serve as guides therefor in conjunction with the stationary1 rods r r, and also gives passage to the stem s of' the handle S, by which the bellows is inflated.

It is evident that the air-inlet to the chaluber R may be located elsewhere than in the top thereof', particnlarlyin those forms of' said chamber in which water is not-employed.

The weight IV is in all figures represented as a solid mass of metal, but it may consist l'OO IIO

IBO

of a vessel iilled or partly filled with sand. In any case it is variablein size or mass,though constant throughout its movement after being adjusted, and it acts continuously. rlhe amount of weight required will vary somewhat, according to the elevation of the liquid-tank relative to the burners, because it has to over come the head of saidliquid due toits distance below the burners. Y In other words, the weight will need to be heavier to raise the liquid from atank, B, located near the bottom of the stove, as shown in Fig. l5, than when lthe tank is placed higher, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Having reference to available dimensions of the structure R in a domestic vapor-stove, the total weight of all movable parts of said structure which exert a gravity force will be ordinarily about eight to fifteen pounds. In the telescoping construction of the chamber R, (shown in Fig. 1,) in which water is 'employed to afford the required seal, a suflicient weight, IV, will raise the water fw to such a height as to require a relatively long outer cylinder, E, and in this case to bring the top of the cylinder E', when fully depressed, to the top of the outer cylinder, E; and to economize room I prefer to place the weight YV wit-hin the top of the cylinder E', and to provide a hole through wf (or a. space aboutit) for the admission of the air in recharging. A hole through itof course equally accommodates the outlet-tube F. The said cylinder E may, as an equivalent of the construction shown, be made of cast-iron and heavy enough to dispense with a separate weight for ordi nary purposes, though in this case when greater pressure isrequired additional weight will be placed thereon.

It is. for some reasons desirable that in refilling the contractible chamber Rthe ai r shall not be drawn from or through theliquid-t-ank B. I therefore prefer to avoid this, and to prevent it a checlcvalvef, is shown in the pipe F. In Figs. 5 and G this valvefis shown as located in aspecial casting, M, which forms the coupling for joining` the pipe F to the bottoni plate, J, of thebellows. It is of familiar and obvious construction and need not be minutely described. The spring j" is desirably only strong enough to uphold the valve, which, it may be added, need not be very tight for the mere purpose of retaining the pressure in the tank B during the brief time of re charging the bellows with air.

In Figs. l and 2 the valvefis placed iu an ascending part ot' the pipe F, and consists only of a light metal or leather disk large enough to rest at its margin upon the end of the pipe F, but not large enough to fill the couplingin which it ishoused. It isprovided with alight wire steimfg, which depends in the pipeF and operates to keep the disk horizontal. The valve rises readily when the stove isin operation and the weight IV is falling.

` When it is desired to remove the pressure from the tank B in order that the stove may stand unused without possible escape of liquid,

I prefer to light one of the burners D, if present, and thus allow the air to burn as it escapes. As it passes off here very rapidly, it will soon discharge both the tank and the chamber R, and the stove may be safely left after lighting such burner in the assurance that it will soon burn out and extinguish itself. lf the carbureted-air burner I) is not present, and a check-valve, f, is employed, a special discharge-cock, F, Fig. 5, may be provided in position to be safely opened, whether the main burnersare left alight or not. If the valve f is absent,and the externally-manageable valve and handle I l of Figs. 1, 2, 8, and 4 is used, this valve may be opened to discharge the air. Of course in any case the stopper I ofthe liquid-tank may be loosened or removed to the same end.

I do not pretend tohave illustrated all forms of devices in which my invention may be embodied, but enough to show its practicability in several forms. As at present advised, I prefer the construction shown in Figs. Sand 4.

It is obviously immaterial to my invention whether the bottom or the top of the contractible chamber is made movable. It is also apparent that while I have spoken of cert-ain parts as forming the contractible air-chamber, J

and have designated them as a whole by the letter R, in fact said chamber includes not only said parts, but the liquid-tank B and the connecting-pipe F. It is further manifest that the tank and the adj nnct-ive device R may be directly connected, so as to dispense with a special pipe, F; but the preferred arrangement of the several devices, as shown, makes the use of such a pipe desirable.

I do not wish to be restricted to the partcular forms of construction shown, and .I desire to be understood that such modifications of the devices described as shall attain one or more but less than all the results obtainable from my improvement as set fort-h shall not be regarded as departures from my invention.

Iam aware tbata reciprocating piston-pu mp has been employed in connection with a hydroearbon-liquid tank located below the level of a burner or burners of a vapor-stove for the purpose of compressing air in the space above the liquid within the tank, so that the air thus compressed will by its expansion force the liquid upward to the burner. Such contrivance has not been found successful, a principal objection thereto lying` in the fact that the pressure is not constant,but gradually diminishes with the consumption of the liquid. Start-i ng therefore with a sufficient pressure to give the desired force and volu me of vapor at the flame, the flame grad uallylessens and becomes insufficient or ineffective. An improvement upon suchy devices has been proposed consisting in the introduction of an automatic valve between the air-space of the reservoir Aand an air-chamber communicating therewith for the supply of `air under pressure to the space above the liquid in the reservoilgrand with the purpose of maintaining a more uni- IOS form pressure in the reservoir; but this deviceis not enti rely satisfactory, and, moreover, after the pressure in the air-supply chamber has settled to the resistance of the valve, air in the reservoir operates with diminishing force, as described ot' the other devices above mentioned not having` this proposed improvement. The device here presented differs, essentially, from a pump and all analogous contrivances which rely upon the expansive force of compressed air, in that the pressure is constant or uniform and continuous throughout the entire descent ofthe weight, so that it' the weight and pressure be proper] yadj usted to begin with it continues the same and the flame remains uniform. Distinguishing the devices with reference to these differences in operation, I designate my air-ehalnber as continuously con tractible, because one of its walls is con tinuonsly moving inward under the action of the weight, which is not true of a pump or of the walls ofa liquid-tank within which theair compressed by the pump may be confined.

I reserve the right to make additional ap plication for Letters Patent for any and all improvements herein shown or described and not herein claimed.

I claim as my invention l. The combination, with the generating vapor-burner of a hydrocarbon-vapor stove, and with the hydrocarbon-liquid-supply tank connected with and located below the level of the burner, ofa contractible ai r-ehamber comlnunicating with the liquid-tank, and having a valved air-inlet, a weight applied to contract the said air-chamber, and a handle for raising the weight,and thus reiilling the air-chamber through the valvcd air-inlet.

2. The colnbination, with a hydrocarbonliquid tank of a vapor-stove and a vaporburner located at a higher elevation than the tank, of a eontractibleair-chamber in communication with the liquid-tank and provided with a valve for admitting` air, a weight applied to contract the air-chamber, and an automatic check-valve arranged in the air-pas- Sageleading tothe liquid-tank, to prevent back movement of air from the tank, and thus main tain the pressure at the burner when the airchamber is recharged.

3. The combination, with the burner of a vapor-stove and a liquid-tank located below the level of the burner, of a contractibleaie chamber communicating with the liquid-tank and containing a weighted movable part, said air-chamber being provided with an inletvalve independent of the pipe leading to the liquid-tank and a handle for lifting said movable part, whieh'handle is connected with the inlet-valve, whereby said valve is opened in the act of lifting the movable part oi' the airchamber.

4. The combination, with the frame of a hydrocarbon-Vapor stove, of aburner or burners, a hydroearbon-liquit'l tank located below the level of the burner or burners, and an airpressure device consisting of a continuouslycontractible air-chamber in communication with the liquidtank, and a weight applied toa movable part of said tank, said burner, liquid tank, and pressure device being all mounted on the stove-frame, and the whole forming a unitary portable structure.

5. The combination, with the frame of a vapor-stove, a burner or burners at the top of the stove, and ahydrocarbon-liquid tank secured to the frame below and near the burners, of an air-pressure device comprising a continuonsly-contraetible air-chamberconnnunicating with the liquid-tank and a weight applied to contract said chamber and impart a uniform Rressure at the burner, substantially as described.

6. The combinatiomwith the stove-frame, a vapor-burner at the top of the stove, and a hydrocarbon-liquid tank mounted on the frame below thclevel ofthe burner, of a contractible ai r-chalnber communicating with the tank and provided with an inlet-valve, said air-chamber comprising a stationary bottom, a movable weighted top, a handle for lifting the top,and flexible side walls, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with the burner of a vaporstove, and with a hydrocarbonliquid tank located ou the stove frame below the burner, of a contractiblc air-chamber communicating with said tank, and consisting of a rigid tube, U, iixed to a bottom. J, alexible tube, K, fixed to a top, J, and to the rigid tube L, and a weight bearing on the top J', the said top and ilexible tube being constructed to fold within the tube U, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix my signature in presence of ,two witnesses.

SAMUEL DANIELS.

\Vitnesses:

M. E. DAYTON, J Esse Cox, Jr.

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